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It's a' Vaccinator
A tool used to make someone immune to a disease using killed, weakened, or related bacteria or virus to encourage the body's own antibody production.VACCINATOR!

This kit, produced in the 1850s, was used to Vaccinate
to make someone immune to a disease by introducing killed or weakened bacteria or viruses to encourage the body's own antibody production.vaccinate people against smallpox. The leather case contains a metal device called a 'spring Lancet
a sharp-pointed instrument used to make small cuts in the skin.lancet' and a tube to hold the material used for the vaccination.

The doctor placed the spring Lancet
a sharp-pointed instrument used to make small cuts in the skin.lancet against the patient's skin. At the push of a button, a blade shot out. The doctor then applied material taken from the 'poxes' of a person (or cow) with cowpox to the wound. The patient would usually contract cowpox, a fairly mild disease, but then become immune to the closely-related and often deadly smallpox.

It may seem unpleasant and rather primitive, but smallpox vaccination was one of the world's first big public-health success stories. Once a major killer and cause of disfigurement, smallpox has now almost disappeared.